Sunday, March 1, 2020
Exercise Your Editing with This Exercise
Exercise Your Editing with This Exercise Exercise Your Editing with This Exercise Exercise Your Editing with This Exercise By Mark Nichol Editing is as much an art as writing is. Whether youââ¬â¢re finessing your own writing or revising the work of another, the process requires simultaneous attention to multiple issues: spelling, grammar, style, accuracy, formality, and the subjective aspect of substance: providing context, assigning meaning and conveying value, and more. When I was a copyediting instructor, one of my favorite activities was creating error-ridden editing exercises for my students. (Sadistic, I know but they got their moneyââ¬â¢s worth.) Here, I inflict one such compositional concentration of calamity of on you free of charge. But before you read beyond the following paragraph, copy and paste it and give it your best editing effort, then come back and compare your revision with mine: ââ¬Å"On Jan. 20th, 1960 then-President John Kennedy delivered his notorious Ask Not What You Can Do for Your Country Speech. Kennedy launched not only Americaââ¬â¢s Space Program that sent men to the moon, but stood up to Russia when they threatened the free world during the missile crisis. During his Presidency, Peace Corps was formed; the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed by the Soviets; and the Civil Rights Act was passed. (However, he stumbled when, in a speech in Berlin in 1963, he told the Germans, ââ¬Å"Ich bin ein Berliner.â⬠He intended to communicate ââ¬Å"I am a Berliner,â⬠but the way he said it meant, ââ¬Å"I am a jelly doughnut.â⬠) Only 42-years-old when elected, the youngest president, his legacy is a less than three year presidency compared with Camelot.â⬠Hereââ¬â¢s my quick fix, followed by annotations: ââ¬Å"President John F. Kennedyââ¬â¢s inaugural address on January 20, 1961, is memorable for the statement ââ¬Å"Ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country,â⬠and he answered his own challenge. During his administration, he not only pressed for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to achieve a manned landing on the Moon by the end of the 1960s but also confronted the Soviet Union over that countryââ¬â¢s plan to install nuclear weapons in Cuba that would be aimed at the United States. Also, during Kennedyââ¬â¢s presidency, tragically abbreviated when he was assassinated on November 22, 1963, the Peace Corps was formed; the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom signed the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty; and Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The legacy of Kennedy, only forty-two years old when he was elected, is of a brief period of peace and prosperity; indeed, his administration was compared to the glory of King Arthurââ¬â¢s Camelot.â⬠Note the correction of the style of the month and date, and correction of the year itself. Our thirty-fifth presidentââ¬â¢s name is John F. Kennedy. If I had retained ââ¬Å"then-Presidentâ⬠before Kennedyââ¬â¢s name, I would omit the hyphen and lowercase the name of the office, which because of the modifier then becomes an epithet rather than a specific job title. Because Kennedyââ¬â¢s inaugural address is notable for other excerpts as well, I chose, in identifying it, to focus on the line giving it in its entirety and not on the speech. But if you do refer to a speech, style the reference as follows: ââ¬Å"his ââ¬ËAsk not what you can for your countryââ¬â¢ speech.â⬠(Also, notorious is not an apt description for the address.) If I were editing someone elseââ¬â¢s work, I would query for the writerââ¬â¢s approval of insertion of ââ¬Å"he answered his own challenge,â⬠which I think provides a transition to what would otherwise be merely a grocery list of accomplishments. I corrected the erroneous ââ¬Å"not only . . . but alsoâ⬠construction. There is no such entity as ââ¬Å"Americaââ¬â¢s Space Program,â⬠so the latter two words should not have been capitalized. (And, whenever possible, use the more precise ââ¬Å"United Statesâ⬠in place of America in reference to the nation.) In this context, moon is the formal name of an astronomical feature, rather than a generic word for such a phenomenon, and should therefore be capitalized. Although Russia is an informal alternative to ââ¬Å"the Soviet Union,â⬠it should be avoided in such usage. (ââ¬Å"The Union of Soviet Socialist Republicsâ⬠was the official name of the country during this period, but the two-word version is acceptable.) A nation is a singular entity and should not be referred to as ââ¬Å"they.â⬠ââ¬Å"Free worldâ⬠is subjective and provocative in this otherwise neutrally written passage. Because of the lack of specificity and capitalization, ââ¬Å"the missile crisisâ⬠implies a previous reference to the incident. It should be referred to by its capitalized full name. As written, the sentence beginning ââ¬Å"During his Presidencyâ⬠(there is no reason to capitalize presidency, by the way) requires only commas, not semicolons. I retained the latter punctuation marks only because I rewrote the list of achievements in a complex form, with internal commas in the second item. I also revised the passive construction to active form. I inserted the phrase about his assassination to provide context. ââ¬Å"Peace Corps,â⬠like the similarly constructed names of most entities, should be preceded by the article the. Several nations signed the treaty, and if any are identified, all should be identified. The phrase ââ¬Å"of 1964â⬠is part of the formal name of the act. The ââ¬Å"Ich bin ein Berlinerâ⬠gaffe is a popular myth; residents of Berlin did not, and do not, call jelly doughnuts ââ¬Å"Berliner.â⬠(Beyond that, even if the story were true, the incident is minor when compared with the other highlights of Kennedyââ¬â¢s presidency listed here, and the passage provides insufficient context.) A personââ¬â¢s age, when not applied as a modifier, should not be hyphenated (except for linking ones-place and tens-place numbers, as in forty-two). Also, I prefer to follow The Chicago Manual of Style in spelling ages out. The first phrase of the last sentence is a dangling modifier; ââ¬Å"the . . . presidentâ⬠is incorrectly identified as his own legacy. ââ¬Å"The youngest presidentâ⬠is an awkwardly truncated interjection. My more extended parenthetical is only one of several possibilities. The phrase ââ¬Å"less than three year,â⬠as a modifier for presidency, should be hyphenated; I deleted the entire phrase because it seemed to distract from the point of the passage. Also, there was insufficient context for the reference to Camelot. This passage could be edited in as many versions as there are editors, and, given further context, would be further improved by additional changes. My effort attends to the deficiencies in the several categories I listed in the first paragraph of this post. Share in a comment below how and why your edits differ from mine and others. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Inquire vs EnquireHow to Punctuate Descriptions of ColorsA "Diploma" is not a "Degree"
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